Reduced Carbonation, Sulfate and Chloride Ingress Due to the Substitution of Cement by 10% Non-Precalcined Bentonite

The Portland cement industry is presently deemed to account for around 7.4% of the carbon dioxide emitted annually worldwide. Clinker production being reduced worldwide in response need drastically lower greenhouse gas emissions. trend began nineteen seventies with advent mineral additions replace clinker. Blast furnace slag and fly ash, industrial by-products that were stockpiled waste heaps at time, have not commonly been included cements. Supply these no longer guaranteed, however, due restrained activity source industries same reasons as clinker production. search consequently on other may pollutant emissions without altering performance. In this study, bentonite, a very common clay, was used such an addition directly, precalcination, still novel approach has scantly explored date reinforced structural concrete applications. results mechanical strength chemical resistance (to sulfates, carbonation chlorides) tests conducted are promising. findings proved be particular interest, area where tends least effective. bentonite-bearing material analysed here, found low or than observed plain cement.